The principles of the camera

Exposure Triangle

PHOTO 01

SETTINGS

ISO 100 • f/3.2 • 1/125s

INTENTION

Achieving a correct base exposure

RESULT

The image appears well-exposed

Note

The scene is lit with soft, diffused light, making exposure relatively easy to balance

FIX

PHOTO 02

SETTINGS

ISO 100 • f/4 • 1/125s

INTENTION

Maintaining correct exposure while slightly adjusting the aperture

RESULT

The image remains generally well-exposed

Note

Light increases in the background while the subject remains in softer light.

FIX

PHOTO 03

SETTINGS

ISO 800 • f/16 • 1/125s

INTENTION

Maintaining exposure with a very narrow aperture

RESULT

The image appears balanced in brightness

Note

A high ISO compensates for the small aperture, but the settings were chosen based on the exposure meter rather than a clear understanding of their relationship

FIX

PHOTO 04

SETTINGS

ISO 100 • f/8 • 1/100s

INTENTION

Adjusting exposure as direct light starts to affect the subject

RESULT

The image remains relatively well-exposed

Note

Direct light begins to increase brightness and contrast on the subject, requiring adjustments to prevent overexposure

FIX

PHOTO 05

SETTINGS

ISO 100 • f/16 • 1/40s

INTENTION

Controlling exposure under stronger light conditions

RESULT

The image appears balanced

Note

A smaller aperture reduces incoming light, while a slower shutter speed compensates, guided by the exposure meter

FIX

PHOTO 06

SETTINGS

ISO 100 • f/11 • 1/80s

INTENTION

Maintaining exposure under direct sunlight

RESULT

The image remains properly exposed

Note

Strong direct light increases contrast and highlights, requiring tighter control of exposure settings

FIX

sweeping and freezing

PHOTO 07

SETTINGS

ISO 800 • f/16 • 1/4s

INTENTION

Capturing motion blur of flowing water

RESULT

The water appears smooth and blurred

Note

A slow shutter speed allows movement to be recorded over time, creating a soft, flowing effect

FIX

PHOTO 08

SETTINGS

ISO 6400 • f/2.8 • 1/1000s

INTENTION

Freezing the motion of the water

RESULT

The water appear sharp and frozen

Note

A fast shutter speed captures a single moment, stopping the motion of the water

FIX

PHOTO 09

SETTINGS

ISO 250 • f/7.1 • 1/4s

INTENTION

Capturing motion blur in a wider composition

RESULT

The water appears blurred while the surrounding objects remain still

Note

The slow shutter speed blurs only the moving elements, while static objects stay sharp

FIX

PHOTO 10

SETTINGS

ISO 4000 • f/2.8 • 1/1000s

INTENTION

Freezing motion in a wider scene

RESULT

The water appears sharp and detailed

Note

A fast shutter speed isolates a single moment of movement, preserving detail in the water

FIX

painting with light

PHOTO 11

PHOTO 12

depth of field

PHOTO 13

SETTINGS

ISO 125 • f/2.8 • 1/60s

INTENTION

Focusing on the front object with a shallow depth of field

RESULT

The front object is sharp while the background is blurred

Note

A wide aperture creates a shallow depth of field, isolating the subject from the background

FIX

PHOTO 14

SETTINGS

ISO 125 • f/2.8 • 1/60s

INTENTION

Shifting focus to the object behind while keeping shallow depth of field

RESULT

The selected object is sharp while both foreground and background are blurred

Note

With a shallow depth of field, only a small part of the scene remains in focus when changing the focal point

FIX

PHOTO 15

SETTINGS

ISO 125 • f/2.8 • 1/60s

INTENTION

Focusing on a deeper object in the scene

RESULT

The background object is sharp while the rest of the scene is out of focus

Note

Shallow depth of field emphasizes a single subject regardless of its position in space

FIX

PHOTO 16

SETTINGS

ISO 125 • f/16 • 1/4s

INTENTION

Capturing more elements in focus using a narrow aperture

RESULT

Most of the scene appears sharp

Note

A small aperture increases depth of field, making more objects in the frame appear in focus

FIX

PHOTO 17

SETTINGS

ISO 125 • f/16 • 1/4s

INTENTION

Shifting focus while maintaining deep depth of field

RESULT

Multiple objects remain in focus despite the change in focal point

Note

With a deep depth of field, focus shifts have less visible impact on overall sharpness

FIX

PHOTO 18

SETTINGS

ISO 125 • f/16 • 1/4s

INTENTION

Observing depth of field when focusing on a distant object

RESULT

The entire scene remains relatively sharp

Note

A narrow aperture minimizes blur across the scene, reducing subject isolation

FIX

system of zones or tones

PHOTO 19

SETTINGS

ISO 1000 • f/8 • 1/3s

(0 EV)

INTENTION

Establishing a correct base exposure

RESULT

The image appears balanced in brightness

Note

This exposure serves as a reference point for comparing brighter and darker images

FIX

PHOTO 20

SETTINGS

ISO 1000 • f/8 • 1s

(+1 EV)

INTENTION

Increasing exposure by one stop

RESULT

The image appears brighter

Note

A longer shutter speed allows more light, increasing overall brightness

FIX

PHOTO 21

SETTINGS

ISO 1000 • f/8 • 2s

(+2 EV)

INTENTION

Further increasing exposure

RESULT

The image appears significantly brighter

Note

Additional light reduces contrast and begins to wash out details

FIX

PHOTO 22

SETTINGS

ISO 1000 • f/8 • 1/5s

(-1 EV)

INTENTION

Decreasing exposure by one stop

RESULT

The image appears slightly darker

Note

A faster shutter speed reduces incoming light, darkening the image

FIX

PHOTO 23

SETTINGS

ISO 1000 • f/8 • 1/10s

(-2 EV)

INTENTION

Further decreasing exposure

RESULT

The image appears noticeably darker

Note

Less light increases contrast and reduces visibility of details in shadows

FIX

PHOTO 24

SETTINGS

ISO 1000 • f/8 • 1/20s

(-3 EV)

INTENTION

Strongly underexposing the image

RESULT

The image appears very dark

Note

Extreme reduction of light causes loss of detail in darker areas

FIX

Camera calibration

PHOTO 25

SETTINGS

ISO 200 • f/2.8 • 1/4s

INTENTION

Checking color accuracy using automatic white balance

RESULT

The image appears neutral in color

Note

I photographed a white sheet using different white balance settings, and with auto white balance it appeared clean and neutral without any color cast. Only one image was taken, as the camera was already set to auto white balance

FIX

Sweeping outdoors

PHOTO 26

SETTINGS

ISO 100 • f/8 • 1/30s

INTENTION

Capturing slight motion blur with a relatively slow shutter speed

RESULT

Moving subjects appear slightly blurred

Note

This image serves as a base reference for comparing different shutter speeds

FIX

PHOTO 27

SETTINGS

ISO 80 • f/14 • 1/15s

INTENTION

Increasing motion blur

RESULT

Movement appears more noticeable

Note

Slower shutter speed increases blur, while other settings were adjusted to maintain exposure

FIX

PHOTO 28

SETTINGS

ISO 80 • f/14 • 1/8s

INTENTION

Further increasing motion blur

RESULT

Motion blur becomes more pronounced

Note

Longer exposure time increases the visibility of movement

FIX

PHOTO 29

SETTINGS

ISO 80 • f/18 • 1/4s

INTENTION

Focusing on stronger motion blur

RESULT

Moving subjects appear significantly blurred

Note

Shutter speed becomes the dominant factor affecting motion

FIX

PHOTO 30

SETTINGS

ISO 50 • f/22 • 0.4s

INTENTION

Capturing continuous motion blur

RESULT

Movement appears smooth and stretched

Note

Long exposure blends motion into visible trails

FIX

PHOTO 31

SETTINGS

ISO 50 • f/22 • 1s

INTENTION

Maximizing motion blur

RESULT

Moving subjects appear highly blurred or disappear

Note

Very slow shutter speed records motion over time, creating strong motion trails

FIX

Freezing outdoors

PHOTO 32

SETTINGS

ISO 125 • f/5.6 • 1/125s

INTENTION

Capturing slight motion with a moderate shutter speed

RESULT

Movement is partially frozen, but some blur is still visible

Note

At this speed, fast motion is not fully frozen

FIX

PHOTO 33

SETTINGS

ISO 125 • f/5.6 • 1/250s

INTENTION

Improving motion freezing

RESULT

Movement appears sharper with less blur

Note

Faster shutter speed reduces motion blur

FIX

PHOTO 34

SETTINGS

ISO 125 • f/5.6 • 1/500s

INTENTION

Freezing motion more effectively

RESULT

Most movement appears sharp

Note

At this speed, motion is mostly frozen

FIX

PHOTO 35

SETTINGS

ISO 125 • f/5.6 • 1/1000s

INTENTION

Freezing fast motion

RESULT

Movement appears sharp and well-defined

Note

A fast shutter speed captures a precise moment in time

FIX

PHOTO 36

SETTINGS

ISO 320 • f/5.6 • 1/2000s

INTENTION

Freezing very fast motion

RESULT

Movement appears completely frozen

Note

Higher shutter speed requires increased ISO to maintain exposure

FIX

PHOTO 37

SETTINGS

ISO 320 • f/5.6 • 1/4000s

INTENTION

Maximizing motion freezing

RESULT

Movement is fully frozen with high clarity

Note

Extremely fast shutter speed captures even the smallest details of motion

FIX

depth of field outdoors

PHOTO 38

SETTINGS

ISO 100 • f/2.8 • 1/250s

INTENTION

Capturing shallow depth of field in a medium shot

RESULT

The subject is sharp while the background is blurred

Note

A wide aperture isolates the subject and reduces background detail

FIX

PHOTO 39

SETTINGS

ISO 800 • f/16 • 1/80s

INTENTION

Capturing deep depth of field in the same composition

RESULT

Both the subject and background appear sharp

Note

A narrow aperture increases depth of field, making more elements visible

FIX

PHOTO 40

SETTINGS

ISO 100 • f/2.8 • 1/400s

INTENTION

Using shallow depth of field from a greater distance

RESULT

The subject remains in focus with less pronounced background blur

Note

Increasing distance reduces the strength of background blur even with a wide aperture

FIX

PHOTO 41

SETTINGS

ISO 800 • f/16 • 1/125s

INTENTION

Capturing maximum depth of field in a wider composition

RESULT

The entire scene appears sharp

Note

Greater distance combined with a narrow aperture keeps most elements in focus

FIX

PHOTO 42

SETTINGS

ISO 125 • f/3.2 • 1/320s

INTENTION

Capturing shallow depth of field in a close-up

RESULT

Only a small part of the subject is in focus

Note

Close distance significantly reduces depth of field, increasing subject isolation

FIX

PHOTO 43

SETTINGS

ISO 800 • f/16 • 1/80s

INTENTION

Capturing deep depth of field in a close-up

RESULT

More of the subject becomes visible, though depth of field remains limited

Note

Even with a narrow aperture, close distance restricts how much of the scene stays in focus

FIX